By construing the words of some international conventions , we deduce the notion and characters of the ship . bring up with the nature of arrest in china law first , then outline the characters of arrest of ship , which is the typical action in rem compared with the theory of action in rem in britain and u . s . a and marewa injunction . finally , summing up the function of arrest of ship in solving maritime disputes explains why the rule of arrest does exist 通过对一些国际公约用语的分析，来推断国际扣船公约适用的船舶的特征和范围；先引出海事扣船在我国的法律定性，再用英美法系国家中的对物诉讼理论和玛瑞瓦禁令来阐述对物诉讼这一典型的对物诉讼的特点，归纳扣押船舶在海事海商实践中的作用，阐明扣押船舶制度得以存在的制度价值。
Secondly , the article makes a further research on the existing problems in the system of jurisdiction , which includes the statutory jurisdiction , such as territorial jurisdiction , appellate jurisdiction , grade jurisdiction , and includes jurisdiction by order , such as referral jurisdiction , designate jurisdiction , and includes specific jurisdiction and jurisdiction by agreement , etc . there is a special theory and practice of jurisdiction in maritime action , such as distress jurisdiction , action in rem , etc . in the aspect of the jurisdiction of international maritime action , the article puts an emphasis on how to coordinate and develop the jurisdiction conflicts of international maritime action 从而再进一步研究包括地域管辖、上诉管辖、级别管辖在内的法定管辖和移送、指定等裁定管辖以及专属管辖、协议管辖等管辖体系中的各个问题。海事诉讼具有独特的管辖理论与实践，比如扣押管辖、对物诉讼等。就国际海事诉讼管辖而论，重点在于国际海事诉讼管辖如何协调和发展。
This article contains three parts , namely , preface , body and conclusion . the preface mainly introduces the discussing subject and writing purposes of this article . body is divided into four parts : from the beginning of actio in rem and actio in personam in roman law , the first part detailedly inspects and analyses the formation process of the dual rights system in historical research methods ; the second part discusses the theoretical framework of the dual rights structure from the aspect of system ; the third part mainly analyses the middle rights and the integration of real rights and creditor ’ s rights and the reasons for the emergence of these phenomena , pointing out that the emergence of these phenomena is unevitable in civil law system which ajusts social relationship with systematic code , and how 正文分为四个部分:第一部分采用历史研究的方法,从罗马法上的对人之诉和对物之诉出发,对物债二分体系的形成过程进行了细致的考察和分析;第二部分从体系化的角度讨论了物债二分体系的理论构成,对其理论架构进行了总体上的研究;第三部分着重分析了物权与债权的融合和中间状态及其出现这些现象的原因,指出在运用体系化的方法调整社会关系的过程中,出现物权和债权中间状态的权利形态是不可避免的现象,并对如何正确看待这些问题进行了论证;第四部分在前文论述的基础上,对我国一些学者提出的制定财产法和设立财产法总则的观点的可行性进行了分析,指出无论是从我国大陆法系的传统还是从技术层面来看,制定财产法或设立财产法总则都是不可行的。
Obligatory right and right in rem . by probing into a dual trading , not only can the essence of right in rem and obligatory right be known better , but non - compliance and malicious act of the third party of mala fides would be disciplined so as tc speed up the flows of resources . the thesis is composed of four parts , totaling about 33 , 000 words 二重买卖于实务中颇为常见，在理论上涉及债权与物权等诸多民法上的基本制度，研究二重买卖的法律问题，在理论上有助于深入认识债权和物权的本质，而在实务上对规制出卖人的背信行为和买受人的恶意侵害行为、促进物畅其流和保障社会交易的安全大有裨益。
From the angle of security of debt it mainly has four parts : real right for security , security property trusteeship , security benefit and security of right in rem . the six parts above give good discussions about the nature of retention of title in different stages . this thesis holds the view that ownership should be in a full consideration 本文认为,所有权保留买卖中,买受人在标的物交付时起享有标的物的所有权,出卖人对买受人享有未支付价金的债权,这种债权以标的物的所有权作为担保,也就是说这种担保是不转移占有的。
Making mortgage as a core , basing on the jurisprudence of public jus in rem , considering related social policy , depending on circumstances of china ' s present legal system , in contact with related foreign legislations , the paper makes an analysis on the order among multiple mortgages , between mortgage and the other priority rights as they coexist 本文以抵押权为轴心，以物权公示法理和基于社会政策的考虑为线索，依托我国现行法制背景，结合国外相关立法，分析了抵押权与抵押权并存时、抵押权与其他担保物权并存时、以及抵押权与相关优先权并存时的顺位关系。
Applying the above " separation theory " to a dual trading , the conflict of different rights might be resolved equitably . moreover , some mi sunder stand ing and wrong solutions in practice are clarified . the author points out that both obligatory right and right in rem should be protected fairly according to the " separation theory " 本部分借助物权行为理论和区分原则对二重买卖场合下的权利冲突进行了透彻分析，澄清了理论上对二重买卖中的债权效力和物权变动的误解，指出实践中处理二重买卖的某些错误做法。
Part iii has a review of the theory of abstrakte . natur . the author expatiates on the definition of abstrakte . natur , and then analyzes the theoretical base and economic reasons for its existence , that is , the admission of the independence of juristic act of right in rem is the precondition to understand abstrakte . natur , and the important reason for the existence of abstrakte . natur is its function of protecting the transaction safety . the author also has a comparison of the theory of abstrakte . natur with the system of acquisition with good faith and points out their own advantages and disadvantages 形成力模式以公示为物权变动的成立或生效要件，不仅可以使第三人自外部认识物权变动及变动的时期，从而保障动的交易安全，而且使当事人间的内部关系与对第三者的外部关系完全一致;形式主义法制向人了门提供的信息是双方面的，它将公示与公信密切地结合起来，进而发挥着保护交易安全的强大机能。
